| CAS Number | 7697-37-2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | HNO₃ |
| Molecular Weight | 63.01 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear to pale yellow liquid |
| Odor | Pungent, suffocating odor |
| Density | ~1.41 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | ~121°C |
| Freezing Point | -42°C |
| Solubility | Miscible with water in all proportions |
| pH | <1 |
Nitric Acid (HNO₃)
Nitric acid is a highly corrosive and strong inorganic acid commonly used in industrial processes, chemical manufacturing, and laboratory applications. Known for its oxidizing properties, it plays a crucial role in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and various chemicals.
Applications
Industrial Applications
- Fertilizer Production:
- Key component in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate, a widely used fertilizer.
- Explosives Manufacturing:
- Nitrating agent for producing explosives like nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene (TNT), and RDX.
Chemical Manufacturing
- Nitration Processes:
- Synthesis of nitrobenzene, adipic acid, and other intermediates.
- Oxidizing Agent:
- Used in the oxidation of organic compounds and metals.
Metallurgy
- Used in etching and refining metals like gold, silver, and platinum.
- Essential in passivation and pickling of stainless steel.
Laboratory Applications
- Reagent for quantitative analysis, especially in volumetric titrations.
- Used in the preparation of aqua regia for dissolving noble metals.
Other Applications
- Dye and Pigment Production:
- Used in the synthesis of azo dyes and organic pigments.
- Electronics Industry:
- Cleaning and etching silicon wafers in semiconductor manufacturing.
- Water Treatment:
- pH adjustment and disinfection.
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